Congrats to grad student Henry Cheung. His project Machinic Veils, designed in a studio taught by faculty member Jennifer Bonner, is featured on Suckerpunch.

Professor Nick Robert’s article Three Models of Urban Water Management,was recently published in the French journal Urbanisme.

Woodbury School of Architecture’s student-organized “Architects Beyond Architecture” panel is the basis for Sam Lubell’s editorial in the Architect’s Newspaper.

Professor Nick Roberts presents Woodbury SoA’s study abroad in China at Pecha Kucha #30 LA -> China on May 9. With Jerde Partnership, Inc., Rios Clementi Hale Studios, Yazdani Studio of Cannon Design, DMJM | AECOM, Griffin Enright, Marc Maxey, Perkins + Will, RTKL, NBBJ, SWAGroup, and UCLA.

The Arid Lands Institute’s Hadley Arnold will speak at the Association for Women in Architecture Foundation’s scholarship awards ceremony held on the Woodbury campus. The scholarship offers annual cash awards to women students studying Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Urban and/or Land Planning, Interior Design, Environmental Design, Architectural Rendering and Illustrating, Civil, Electrical, Mechanical or Structural Engineering and leading to a college degree.

May 12, 2:00 p.m.
Ahmanson Main Space
Click for more information.

Degree project instructor Orhan Ayyüce weighs in on KCET regarding how Prop 13 shaped the city.

Student work from Mark Ericson and John Brockway’s class is up on the Suckerpunch webpage. Check out these amazingly intricate and beautiful drawings.

Residential Architect magazine talks to professor Linda Taalman on how to balance teaching, practice, and family in a tough economy in a piece entitled, the Home Team.

In early May, San Diego’s MSArch L+U director Rene Peralta will give a trio of lectures in Mexico City. If you are looking to learn more about the Landscape + Urbanism graduate program and Peralta’s practice, Generica, then make sure to catch one of the talks.

May 7: Universidad Anáhuac School of Architecture
May 8: Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de Mexico
May 9: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México—Taller Max Cetto
May 9: ATEA, Colectivo Somosmexas

Congratulations to Architecture and Interior Architecture faculty member Robert Kerr. His project, HUeC (Hudson Unenclosed Cabana and Landscape), took home an Fay Jones Alumni Design Awards honorable mention. The recognition is given annually to stellar work produced by University of Arkansas alumni.

Saturday, April 28
9 a.m.–6 p.m.

You are invited to join faculty, students, and visiting critics to view the year-long research and design projects undertaken by undergraduate and graduates students of the Woodbury School of Architecture, Los Angeles–Burbank.

Click here for list of invited critics.

An essay by Woodbury San Diego’s MSArch L+U Rene Peralta is included in the book Tijuana Dreaming: Life and Art at the Global Border by Josh Kun and Fiamma Montezemolo. Peralta’s photograph of East Tijuana illustrates the front cover.

San Diego’s undergraduate chair Catherine Herbst will speak at the Friends of San Diego Architecture’s April 21 meeting. Her lecture, Searching for Logic, presents the work of Rinehart Herbst, the firm she founded with Todd Rinehart.

Click for more info.

School of Architecture professors Anthony Fontenot and Paulette Singley curate upcoming MAK Center exhibition with Marcelyn Gow and Roger Sherman.

Out Spoken: Lectures from the SCI-Arc Archives

May 18, 2012 – August 12, 2012

Save the date for opening on Thursday, May 17.
Curator walk-through at 6 PM, reception from 7-9 PM

In the online MAKERS series, an initiative by PBS and AOL,  professor Barbara Bestor shares a digital platform with luminaries Sandra Day O’Connor and Martha Stewart. We’re proud to see Woodbury’s own feature in a video series that showcases such accomplished, trailblazing women. Catch Bestor on family, architecture, and creativity.

The Arid Land Institute at Woodbury University was featured in an article on The Atlantic’s Cities blog. Writer Nate Berg sat down with the ALI’s Hadley Arnold to discuss water and energy issues in relationship to the Drylands Design exhibition now on view at the A+D Museum.

“When you sit down to come up with your general plan or your sustainability plan or your climate action plan, if you’re not looking at water goals, energy goals and climate goals as all aligning, you’re missing an opportunity,” Arnold says.

Opening this Thursday at WUHO, the photography exhibition Pedro E. Guerrero: Portraits of Modern Life is featured in the LA Times, the New York Times, and Wallpaper magazine.

Congratulations to the Woodbury curatorial team Emily Bills, director of the Julius Shulman Institute, and professor Anthony Fontenot.

Professor Barbara Bestor presented “Pattern Recognition” at Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning at the University of Michigan as part of the school’s 2012 Winter Lecture Series.

Woodbury School of Architecture professor Nick Roberts lectured at the School of Architecture and Urban Design at the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) to a crowd of nearly 500 students and faculty.

Woodbury School of Architecture has collaborated with the UBA since 2009. Nick’s lecture is a stellar benchmark in that ongoing partnership and global exchange of design ideas.

Two Woodbury Interior Architecture students, Caroline Morris and Bruno Block, were the second runner-ups in the annual AIA Interiors 1:2 competition. For the  all-day charrette  students were asked to design a temporary space that both accommodated and incorporated a food truck into the design. The students’ design, entitled the Folded Crepe, used the visual ideas of folding into a design that incorporated a module made of metal and plastics. The jury, made up of Braulio Baptista of ZGF Architects LLP, George W. Kelly AIA of Kelly Architects, Glenn Rasmussen of Gensler, and Jennifer Siegal of the Office of Mobile Design, praised the team’s design for clarity of idea, innovation of modular tectonics, and good orchestration of the users experience of space. Congratulations to the team for the excellent efforts and design.

OPENING: Monday, May 14, 5-7 p.m.
Little Bear
1855 Industrial Street
Los Angeles, Ca 90021

This past semester Woodbury School of Architecture graduate students designed and built Catenary Whorl in a class taught by David Freeland, of FreelandBuck. The students suspended an acoustic canopy above Little Bear, a boisterous gastropub in downtown Los Angeles.

Conceived as part of Freeland’s drawing and visualization seminar, Evolving Media, the canopy is composed of 5,000 feet of soft, thick rope, which hangs from the ceiling of the restaurant. The canopy diffuses and absorbs sound while creating a unique atmosphere. The rope is hand-dyed and the hues correspond with regions of color intensity identifying areas of acoustic absorption. Because the rope is hung more densely in some areas than others, the undulating surface subdivides the restaurant into smaller volumes, reducing reverberation time and creating distinct spatial qualities for bar, lounge, and dining areas.

Catenary Whorl was created by Woodbury School of Architecture graduate students in the visualization seminar Evolving Media taught by David Freeland. Zachary Schoch, teaching assistant; Ana Del Longo-Silberstein, Henry Cheung, Israel Castillo, Kemi Esho, Michael Kuroda, Pamas Moleeratanond, Roosevelt Golino, Sunny Lam

Additional assistance: Juan Lau, Teagan Castellon, Rana Ahmadi, Mark Montiel, Paul Castellanos, Duc Le, Brian Diaz, Joseph Veliz, Eric Arm.

This semester, 17 undergrad and grad students designed and built three sleeping cabins at the Shadowhills Therapeutic Horsemanship Center in Shadow Hills in a studio led by Sonny Ward, Jeanine Centuori, and Mark Rapisardi.

Come see the unveiling on Saturday, May 5, 4:00 p.m.

10263 La Canada Way, Shadow Hills

Refreshments will be served.

Opening: Thursday, May 3, 6:00-9:00pm
May 3-10
WUHO Gallery

1. Talk: Variate Labs’ Miles Kemp on Designing Interactive Futures – Process to Product
Thursday, May 3, 6:00pm

2. Output: Serial Series – Products of the Satoru Sugihara with Yasushi Ishida Workshop

3. Display: Graduate and Undergraduate Drawing Courses

Re:Work sessions offer the tools to recharge your architectural practice, reinvigorate your design process, and ready your portfolio. Re:Work gives you rich opportunities for experimentation and skills to leverage in the workplace. Professionals and prospective graduate students can fine-tune their portfolios. Led by Woodbury School of Architecture experts, digital design and fabrication workshops provide an immersion into cutting-edge technologies.

Five-week workshops begin July 9

College credits available

For more information and registration email: rework@woodbury.edu

WORKSHOPS

RE:Fab
Saturdays, July 14–August 11, 9:00 a.m.–2:00 p.m.

An introduction to the software and hardware behind digital fabrication. Students learn the basics of rapid prototyping and use the laser cutter, CNC mill, and 3-d printer to fabricate models and objects over the course of the workshop.

Portfolio +
Tuesday/Thursdays, July 10–August 9, 7–9:30 p.m.

For designers looking to repackage their body of work for academic and career goals, this workshop teaches the basics of layout, composition, image manipulation, and communication strategy using the Adobe Creative Suite: Illustrator, inDesign, and Photoshop.

Thinking BIM
Monday/Wednesdays, July 9-August 8, 7-9:30 p.m.

Learn the principles of Building Information Modeling (BIM) from the practical to the conceptual. Put together a complete project package for competitions and proposals. Understand BIM’s design potential and push the software to new limits as you gain expertise. Acquire the digital skills needed to manifest your architectural vision.

Student Exhibition
April 16-23
Wedge Gallery

Launch: Saturday, April 19, 6:00 p.m.
WUHO Gallery

Studio Gang Architects
DATE CHANGE: Wednesday, April 4, 6:30 p.m.
Ahmanson Main Space

Visionary architect and 2011 MacArthur Fellow Jeanne Gang is the founder and principal of Studio Gang Architects, a rising international practice based in Chicago whose work confronts pressing contemporary issues. Driven by curiosity, intelligence, and radical creativity, Jeanne has produced some of today’s most innovative and award-winning architecture. The transformative potential of her work is exemplified by such recent projects as the Aqua Tower (named the 2009 Emporis Skyscraper of the Year), Northerly Island framework plan, Nature Boardwalk at Lincoln Park Zoo, and Columbia College Chicago’s Media Production Center.

Woodbury School of Architecture’s lecture series is free and open to the public.

April 12, 6:30 p.m.
Woodbury San Diego

Opening and artist talk: Thursday, April 5, 6:00 p.m.
April 7-25
WUHO Gallery

Friday, April 6, 6:30 p.m.
Ahmanson Main Space

Featuring panelists:

Won Ju Lim, visual artist
Brett Farrow, architect/developer
Yeekai Kim, Cognoscenti Coffee
Natasha Case,  Coolhaus
Carmen Salazar, sculptor/glassblower
Sebastian Munoz, designer, Arktura

With a Fix @ Six.
@woodbury_soa #archbeyondarch

March 22, 6:30 p.m.
Woodbury San Diego

Architect Luis Aldrete is from Guadalajara, Mexico. He established Luis Aldrete Arquitectos in 2007. His practice comprises of a body of work related to public and residential comissions and international competitions. Particular projects include a public shelter building along the traditional La Ruta del Peregrino pilgrimage in Mexico. The work is series of contemporary concepts taking advantage of traditional materials and methods of construction.

See ArchDaily for more on Aldrete.

Thursday, March 22, 6:00-9:00 p.m.
Architecture + Design Museum, Los Angeles

Friday, March 23, all day
Fletcher Jones Auditorium + Ahmanson Main Space

Click here for schedule and information.

WEDGE Gallery Pop-Up Exhibition
Student work from ARCH 565 Visualization 4
Instructor David Freeland & TA Zachary Schoch
Friday March 2nd – Monday, March 5th, 2012
Opening Friday, March 2nd – 6-8 pm

The drawing, as instrument of the avant-garde, has been a significant transmitter of meaning in architecture, not through its faithfulness to translating a message, but in terms of the properties inherent to drawing which are deployed in support of a given ontology.  Seeking the qualities inherent to computational drawing- multiplicity, systematicity, gradation – this class reimagines drawing in terms of visceral perception, a medium for the creation of a field of effects more atmospheric than Euclidean.

March 13-28
Wedge Gallery

Opening and panel discussion: Saturday, March 3, 6:00 p.m.
March 3-25
WUHO Gallery

Serial Series is a group of hands-on technology workshops at Woodbury School of Architecture. The leading developers and practitioners of computational imaging and modeling hardwares, platforms, and softwares share their expertise with students, faculty, and affiliates. Visit the blog for schedule and updates.

Department of Interior Architecture Chia Lecture Series presents:

Benjamin Ball of Ball-Nogues Studio
Wednesday, February 22 2012
FAST, CHEAP & IN CONTROL
6.30 p.m.
Powell Gallery in the Design Center

Conceived as a tool to promote an intimate conversation with the students, the Chia Lecture Series guest speakers are selected based on the relevance of their work in relationship to specific issues that are central to the department’s vision.

Opening: Friday, February 10, 6:30 p.m.
February 7-25
Wedge Gallery

Jennifer Gilman’s work takes the act of drawing and makes it physical. For ≥ Drawn, her site-specific installation in the Wedge Gallery, she uses the space as a canvas. Her work is performed at a 1:1 scale or as she writes, “the body occupying the building and the drawing simultaneously.” Gilman will transform the gallery over the course of several days, moving through the room and shifting her medium to respond to particular cultural, material, and phenomenological atmospheres. When the exhibition opens on Friday, February 10, it will mark just one point in the evolution of the piece. As such, Gilman’s ≥ Drawn is, as the title suggests, greater than any static drawing.

“We draw imaginary lines between all things—between art and architecture, drawing and sculpture, 2D and 3D, past and future, space and time, micro and macro, mind and body, thought and feeling, oneself and other,” says Gilman. “It is in straddling these thresholds that transubstantiation becomes possible: one eye cast in each direction, each seeing an alternate reality, the two images superimposed and vibrating in the imagination. It is this ambiguity that allows for the richness of association that interests me the most.”

CRO Studio
Tuesday, February 21, 6:30 p.m.
Ahmanson Main Space

Marcel Sanchez co-founded CRO Studio with Adriana Cuellar in 2007. The collaborative research practice focuses on urban and architectural design, with projects ranging from private institutions, housing developments to urban renewals and cultural centers.

Sanchez is assistant professor at Woodbury School of Architecture San Diego where his research includes the development of design methodologies that expand on geometry as tool for urban sensing and architectural innovation.

Solid Objectives: Florian Idenburg, R.A. , AIA-IA, principal
February 27, 6:30 p.m.
Woodbury San Diego

Florian Idenburg (1975, the Netherlands) holds a Master of Science in Architecture from Delft University of Technology. Prior to fouding SO — IL, Idenburg gained eight years of experience at the practice of Pritzker laureates Kazuyo Sejima + Ryue Nishizawa / SANAA.

Florian Idenburg teaches design studios at Harvard and Columbia. Previously he held the Brown-Forman Chair in Urban Design at the University of Kentucky, and was Visiting Lecturer at Princeton University. Idenburg is the 2010 recipient of the Charlotte Köhler Award.

February 16, 6:30 p.m.
Woodbury San Diego

Interested in a Woodbury School of Architecture MArch, MSArch, or MRED degree?

Check out the Graduate Open House on Saturday, February 4 from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.

Learn more about degree programs, take a campus tour, meet faculty, and have lunch with us. Attendees will receive an application fee waiver.

Keith Krumwiede
Opening: Saturday, February 4, 6:00 p.m
February 4-26
WUHO Gallery

Freedomland envisions an American Dream where Tea Party populism meets landscape urbanism. The show is a case of architectural satire attuned to the present realities of politics and economics.

Curator, Phenomenal: California Light, Space, Surface
Tuesday, February 7, 6:30 p.m.
Ahmanson Main Space

Robin Clark is a curator and art historian specializing in intersections between contemporary art and architecture. Her recent exhibitions and publications include Automatic Cities: The Architectural Imaginary in Contemporary Art, which featured work in all media by fourteen international artists (Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego, 2009), and Phenomenal: California Light, Space, Surface, a Pacific Standard Time project focused on thirteen artists working in Los Angeles during the 1960s and 70s for whom light was a primary medium (University of California Press and Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego, 2011).

The Hollywood Urban Planning Pop-Up Shop by James Rojas opens Sunday, January 22, 2 p.m.

Come join the Woodbury School of Architecture and James Rojas at WUHO. Re-envision the neighborhood with the Hollywood Urban Planning Pop-Up Shop, featuring workshops and an interactive urban diorama by James Rojas, with construction help from Woodbury School of Architecture students.

The Hollywood Urban Planning Shop is a community engagement project that critiques the design of cities today by asking the public to re-imagine Hollywood. The question every Pop-Up Shop visitor must ask his or herself is, “What would Hollywood look like if we rebuilt it today?” The project harnesses the power of the collective community imagination to create an interactive diorama of Hollywood, as it could be. Residents, tourists, visitors—the public—will reflect on, explore, experiment, and ultimately craft their image of a city. Runs thru January 29.

Suberranea: Drawings by Rick Gooding
Opening Friday, January 13 at 6:30 p.m.
Wedge Gallery
Suberranea runs January 10-28, 2012.

For Subterranea, architect Rick Gooding created more than 30 meticulous pencil drawings, each depicting an imaginary underground realm. Winding tunnels and labyrinthine passageways are rendered by hand, resolving into dense, intricate patterns.In an era of digital representation, Gooding celebrates the precise and beautiful craft of manual drafting. He works without rulers or measuring devices and carefully constructs his drawings using the most basic architectural drafting tools: a straight edge, a 314 pencil, and an eraser and erasing shield.

Join MAS Context: ABERRATION editors Iker Gil and John Szot for a one-night-only live publishing event. One part magazine, two parts launch party,  ABERRATION: LIVE is part of Woodbury School of Architecture’s inaugural Publish Or…, a launch series that celebrates and critiques the connections between architecture and publication, print and digital. The event brings together editors, photographers, filmmakers, and architects for an evening of short presentations.
Sonic prologue and afterword by Los Angeles–based Health and Beauty.
Friday, 16 December 2011: 7 p.m.
Woodbury Hollywood Gallery

Woodbury School of Architecture final reviews kick off Wednesday, December 1, and continue Thursday, Friday, and Saturday on the Los Angeles–Burbank campus.

Put down your Xacto knives, switch off the laser cutter, and power down that laptop. All models, drawings, and renderings are complete and another productive semester is nearly history.

This year we’ve assembled a top notch group of critics, including architects, artists, academics, and practitioners from LA and afar. Click here for a full list.

The students and faculty of ARCH 330 invite you to stop by the Wedge Gallery on Tuesday, November 29 between 12:00 and 6:00 to see MANIFESTO! VIVA VOCE, a video installation of work from this semester’s undergraduate Theory class. The videos vocalize contemporary thoughts on theoretical anxieties and agendas as the students answer the question, “What is your manifesto?”

Learn more about the MArch and MSArch programs.
Thursday, December 1, 2011 from 6-8PM.
Kirkendal Conference Room – School of Architecture Faculty Center
To RSVP contact Glisery Colon at 818 252-5234 or glisery.colon@woodbury.edu

On November 7, 2011, CHPC and the Architectural League of New York held the Making Room Design Showcase & Symposium at the Japan Society of New York. MRED Director Ted Smith joined top NYC architects Stan Allen & Rafi Segal, Peter Gluck, Deborah Gans, and Jonathan Kirschenfeld in discussion about ideas to reshape the future of housing meet the needs of our diverse 21st century households. You can see a video of his presentation here.

OPEN HOUSE FOR PROSPECTIVE STUDENTS
San Diego Event Series
Wednesday, 16 November 2011: 7-8.30pm

Los Angeles Event Series
Friday, 18 November 2011: 7pm
Fletcher Jones Auditorium

Michael Maltzan, FAIA, is principal of Michael Maltzan Architecture in Los Angeles. Building on his background in the arts, he is committed to creating architecture that is a catalyst for new experiences and an agent for change in our cities. This work has been recognized with numerous accolades including five Progressive Architecture awards, 24 citations from the American Institute of Architects, the Rudy Bruner Foundation’s Gold Medal for Urban Excellence, and as a finalist for the Smithsonian/Cooper-Hewitt Museum’s National Design Award. His designs have been profiled in over 100 national and international publications and featured in exhibitions worldwide. He is the author of No More Play: Conversations on Urban Speculation in Los Angeles and Beyond, published in 2011.

Wedge Gallery Event Series
Opening Reception : Tuesday, 15 November 2011: 4.30pm to 8.30pm
November 15 – November 29

1x1x1 is an exhibition of selected work from the first semester of the Woodbury University undergraduate architecture, undergraduate interior architecture, and graduate architecture programs.  It is the second show of the Wedge Gallery in the 2011-12 AQUIFER Exhibition Series.

FILM SCREENING co-sponsored by the LA Forum
Los Angeles Event Series
Friday, 15 November 2011: 6pm
Fletcher Jones Auditorium

BOOK LAUNCH
Woodbury Hollywood Event Series
Sunday, November 13 2011: 7pm
Woodbury Hollywood Gallery

For ArcCA’s November feature Architect as Developer: the San Diego Story, the editors spoke with three architect-developers in San Diego. All three are Woodbury School of Architecture San Diego faculty members—Jonathan Segal, Lloyd Russell, and Ted Smith.

Download and read the whole article:

11-2_arcCA_businessofarchitecture

San Diego Event Series
Thursday, 10 November 2011: 6.30pm
www.studioAPT.com

San Diego Event Series
Thursday, 3 November 2011: 6.30pm
www.oylerwu.com

FLUID MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Arid Lands Institute Event Series
Wednesday, 2 November 2011: 6pm
Fletcher Jones Auditorium

THINKING WATER
The Arid Lands Institute Event Series in collaboration with
UCLA’s Institue of the Environment and Sustainability
Saturday, 29 October 2011: 9.30am to 12.30pm
Ahmanson Main Space

Los Angeles Event Series
Sponsored by the School of Architecture, School of Business, School of Media Culture and Design, the Institute of Transdisciplinary Studies, and the Student Development Center
Saturday, 29 October 2011: 10.30am – 5:30pm
Fletcher Jones Auditorium

Wedge Gallery Event Series
in conjunction with Woodbury School of Architecture Fall 2011 Semester of Water
Opening Reception : Friday, October 28 : 6-8pm
October 28 – November 8

Aquifer_I includes recent work by Woodbury School of Architecture students, including ongoing Fall 2011 projects from the A.I.R.Studio: Civic Conduits and Contested Terrain (Arid Investigations and Research) lead by instructors Jennifer Bonner and John Southern, as well as video andslide presentations of recent graduate thesis projects by ALI M.S. Arch students Heath Speakman and Barry Talley, a collaboration between ALI, Woodbury School of Architecture, and the School of Media, Culture, and Design.

A presentation/discussion of the thesis student video and slide show projects will adjoin the exhibition – date to be announced.

Special thanks to : The Arid Lands Institute / Hadley Arnold + Peter Arnold

San Diego Event Series
Thursday, 27 October 2011: 6.30pm
www.future-cities-lab.net

Woodbury Hollywood Gallery Event Series
Saturday, 22 October 2011: 7pm
through 5 November 2011
Woodbury Hollywood Gallery

Woodbury School of Architecture and WUHO Gallery are excited to announce Projections, an exhibition developed, designed, and curated by Boston practice over, under.  The show opens in our Los Angeles venue, fresh from its premiere at pinkcomma in Boston’s South End.

Because Projections asks pointed questions about the future of urban design in our ever digitally mediated world, it is a vital part of any conversation about cities and about Los Angeles.  The curators ask that you download a QR code reader to your smartphone prior to the opening.

Los Angeles Event Series
Wednesday, 14 October 2011: 7pm
Fletcher Jones Auditorium

LA River Master Plan : Urban designer and landscape architect David Fletcher of Fletcher Studio will speak on the development of LA River Master Plan. His work addresses process, void, symbiosis, alternative transportation networks, green infrastructure, and post-industrial urbanism. Fletcher Studio is an innovative practice committed to a collaborative and contextual approach to spatial design practice and to the planning of unique and sustainable landscapes, urban spaces, and living infrastructures. Design and planning solutions come from the interaction with the many people, processes, histories, policies, economies and ecologies that are specific to a place.

San Diego Event Series
Thursday, 13 October 2011: 6.30pm
www.cero9.com

San Diego Event Series
Thursday-Saturday, 15-17 September 2011
Lecture: Trinidad Ruiz | 15 September 6.30pm

See the record of Barrio Scenario 2 here.

Woodbury Hollywood (WUHo) Event Series
Opening* Wednesday 7 September . 7-10pm
Jennifer Bonner

WATERMARKS installation simulates Venice’s Acqua Alta, documents resiliency across the American landscape, and explores representational techniques for water fluctuation.

(On view daily through 11 September . *No stilettos please : skirts are encouraged.)